#4 Context Matters! Designing and Scaling in Systems with John Gargani

Scaling impact sounds simple—just do more of what worked. In reality, it’s messy: contexts shift, resources are finite, politics and procurement warp timelines, and “success” looks different to different people. That’s why designing and evaluating for scale is one of the hardest gigs in our field.

In this episode of The It Depends Podcast, Matt sits down with evaluation pioneer John Gargani to explore the intersections of design, evaluation, and scaling impact. With over three decades of experience, John shares how a “misspent youth” led him into evaluation, why design and evaluation are inseparable, and how evaluators can play a crucial role in shaping better programs from the outset.

Together, Matt and John unpack the nuances of design thinking, the discipline required for innovation, and the challenges of moving beyond linear “growth models” of scale toward more dynamic, context-driven approaches. Along the way, they dive into real-world examples—from global health crises to water infrastructure—and consider what it takes to responsibly scale innovations without losing sight of ethics, trade-offs, and long-term sustainability.

We mention some resources in this episode - including John's book - which is free! Here are some quick links to get you started:

• Scaling Impact: Innovaton for the Public Good by Rob McLean and John Gargani
• GIZ Scaling Digital Innovations Workbook

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